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LESS THAN HALF OF BABIES WITH LOWER-GRADE BLEEDING HAVE LONG-TERM PROBLEMS - MANY GO ON TO DEVELOP JUST LIKE PREMATURE BABIES WITHOUT IVH. “© BETTER CHILD The most common cases of IVH present as grade one or two. While, as mentioned, there are often no symptoms in these milder cases, in more serious ones, symptoms include: « Breathing pauses (apnea) Slow heart rate (bradycardia) « Pale or blue colouring (cyanosis) Decreased muscle tone » Decreased reflexes Excessive sleep » Lethargy or coma Weak suck when feeding « Seizures and other abnormal movements Swelling or bulging of the soft spots (fontanelles) between the bones of the baby's head « Low red blood cell count (anaemia) RISK FACTORS While there are risks for any premature baby, IVH is most seen in premature babies who have: Respiratory distress syndrome, a breathing disorder in newborns caused by immature lungs; Unstable blood pressure; » Other medical conditions at birth. Babies with a low birth weight, generally under 1,5kgs are also at risk. Low birth weight and premature babies are more vulnerable to IVH because the blood vessels in their brains are not fully developed. Such development usually occurs in the last ten weeks of pregnancy. Preterm babies are therefore weaker than full-term babies born. While less common, full-term babies can also contract IVH due to oxygen deprivation or birth trauma. IVH is usually diagnosed within the first few days following birth and rarely presents after the first month of life, even if the baby was not carried to term.
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